Buck versus Bell Essay example -- Supreme Court Sterilization Essays

Buck versus Bell During the mid twentieth century, the United States was suffering huge social and financial changes because of its change into a business and mechanical politically influential nation. As the requirement for work raised inside numerous urban zones, a huge number of Europeans emigrated from Southern and Eastern Europe with the expectations of promoting upon these business openings and accomplishing a superior life. At the same time, numerous African-Americans moved from the provincial South into significant urban areas, bearing indistinguishable expectations from those of the European foreigners. The nearness of these minority bunches created both racial and class fears inside white center and high society Americans. The intense ethnocentrism coming about because of these apprehensions, combined with the Social Darwinist ideas of Herbert Spencer, would eventually prod the American genetic counseling development. Starting from the speculations of Sir Francis Galton, the cousin of Charl es Darwin, selective breeding is the investigation of human heredity and hereditary standards for the reasons for improving humankind by restricting the expansion of flawed genetic supplies. Charles Davenport, the establishing father of the American selective breeding development, was one of numerous world class Americans supporting for the consolidation of the goals of this new science into society. Crafted by Davenport, which got known as eugenic standards, would affect state funded instruction, however a legitimate effect too. By 1931, thirty state lawmaking bodies had passed automatic sanitization laws that focused deficient strains inside everyone, for example, the visually impaired, the hard of hearing, poor people, and the dim witted. Virginia, one of these states, held the position that automatic cleansing would not just advantage the overal... ... Individuals With Mental Disabilities: Issues, Points of view, and Cases (Westport CT: Auburn House, 1995) 22. Works Cited Buck v. Ringer. 274 U.S. 200, 205. No. 292 US Supreme Ct. 1927. Brantlinger, Ellen. Disinfection of People With Mental Disabilities: Issues, Perspectives, and Cases. Westport CT: Auburn House, 1995. Larson, Edward. Sex, Race, and Science: Eugenics in the Deep South. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995. Macklin, Ruth. Mental Retardation and Sterilization: A Problem of Competency and Paternalism. New York: Plenum Press, 1981. Reilly, Phillip. The Surgical Solution: A History of Involuntary Sterilization in the United States. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991. Shapiro, Thomas. Populace Control Politics: Women, Sterilization, and Reproductive Choice. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1985.

Report on Fmcg Market Sructure and Market Share

Venture REPORT ON FMCG MARKET SRUCTURE AND MARKET SHARE What is FMCG? FMCG is an abbreviation for Fast Moving Consumer Goods, which allude to things that we purchase from nearby general stores on regular routine, the things that are non-sturdy, sold rapidly, at moderately ease, have high turnover and are generally less expensive. FMCG’s establish a huge piece of consumers’ financial plan in all nations. The most well-known in thelist are child nourishments, can cleansers, cleansers, shampoos, toothpaste, beauty care products, shaving items, shoe clean, refined cooking oil, bundled staple, soda pops, chocolate bar, tissue paper and other family unit frill and stretches out to certain electronic merchandise and other non-durables, for example, crystal, bulbs, batteries, paper items and plastic products, for example, basins and so on. These things are intended for every day of continuous utilization and have an exceptional yield. FMCG are items that have a speedy rack turnover, at generally ease and don't require a great deal of thought, time and budgetary speculation to buy. The edge of benefit on each individual FMCG item is less however as they sell in huge amounts so the total benefit on such items are high. Consequently benefit in FMCG merchandise consistently means number of products sold. The fundamental fragments of FMCG division are : ) Personal consideration, Oral Care, Hair Care, Skin Care, Personal Wash (makeup and toiletries (cleansers), antiperspirants, scents, male prepping, female cleanliness, paper item); 2) Household care (texture wash clothing cleansers, manufactured cleansers, family unit cleaners, for example, dish/utensil cleaners, floor cleaners, can cleaners, deodorizers, bug sprays and mosquito anti-agents, metal clean and furniture clean); 3) Packaged food and wellbeing refreshments (flour, tea, espresso, sugar, staples, grains, dairy items, chocolates, soda pops, juices, filtered wa ter, nibble food, chocolates and cakes) 4) Tobacco. India ; the FMCG Market: The Indian FMCG area is a significant supporter of the nation's GDP. The Indian FMCG segment with a market size of US$14. 8 billion is the fourth biggest area in the economy and is liable for 5% of the absolute plant work in India. The FMCG business additionally makes work for 3 million individuals in downstream exercises, quite a bit of which is dispensed in unassuming communities and rustic India. This FMCG industry has seen solid development in the previous decade. This has been because of advancement, urbanization, increment in the expendable livelihoods and adjusted way of life. Moreover, the FMCG blast expanded because of the decrease in extract obligations, bundling developments and so forth and dissimilar to the recognition that the FMCG part is a maker ofâ luxury things focused for the tip top however as a general rule, the segment meets the consistently needs of the majority. The lower-center salary bunch represents over 60% of the division's deals. At present, urban India represents 66% of absolute FMCG utilization, with provincial India representing the staying 34%. The developing grade of provincial and semi-urban people for FMCG items will be for the most part liable for the development in this segment, as producers should extend their fixation for higher deals volumes. A large number of the worldwide FMCG majors have been available in the nation for a long time. Be that as it may, over the most recent ten years, a considerable lot of the littler bar Indian FMCG organizations have picked up in scale. Accordingly, the chaotic and provincial players have seen disintegration in the piece of the overall industry. Accessibility of key crude materials, less expensive work expenses and nearness over the whole worth chain gives India an upper hand. The FMCG advertise is set to twofold from USD 14. 7 billion of every 2008-09 to USD 30 billion out of 2012. FMCG division will observer more than 60 percent development in country and semi-urban India. Most importantly Indian market is changing quickly and is indicating phenomenal purchaser business opportunity. History of FMCG in India: In India, organizations like ITC, HLL, Colgate, Cadbury and Nestle have been a prevailing power in the FMCG division all around upheld by moderately less rivalry and high section boundaries (import obligation was high). These organizations were, accordingly, ready to charge a premium for their items. In this specific situation, the edges were additionally on the higher side. With the progressive opening up of the economy in the course of the most recent decade, FMCG organizations have been compelled to battle for a piece of the pie. Simultaneously, edges have been undermined, all the more so over the most recent six years (FMCG area saw decrease sought after). Coming up next are the principle attributes of FMCGs: †¢ From the customer’s point of view: 1. Visit buy 2. Low contribution (next to zero exertion to pick the thing †items with solid brand unwaveringness are exemptions to this standard) . Low cost †¢ From the organizations point of view: 1. High volumes 2. Low commitment edges 3. Broad dissemination systems 4. High stock turnover Major FMCG organizations in India: Hindustan Unilever Ltd. , ITC (Indian Tobacco Company), Nestle India Ltd. , GCMMF (AMUL), Dabur India, Asian Paints (India), Cadbury India, Britannia Industries, Procter and Gamble Hygiene a nd Health Care, Marico Industries, Nirma, Coca-Cola, Pepsi MARKET SHARE OF FMCG COMPANIES (BABY FOOD) IN INDIA FROM 2001 TO 2010 Bottom of Form In the above pie diagram we see the absolute deals during the budgetary years from 2001 to 2010 of different FMCG Food Beverage organizations in India . THE COMPARATIVE DATA OF % MARKET SHARE OF NESTLE INDIA LTD. WITH ALL OTHER COMPETITOR, DURING THE LAST 10 YEARS FROM 2001 TO 2010 (Above chart demonstrating the FMCG Food Beverage †Baby Food organizations rate piece of the pie over the most recent 10 years from 2001to 2010) So we can see that in general FMCG business Nestle India Ltd is remotely in front of the remainder of the organizations undoubtedly. Piece of the overall industry IN THE YEAR 2010 Estimation of Market Structure: Herfindahlâ€Hirschman Index: Si is the piece of the pie of the ith firm Numbers-Equivalent of firms: Reciprocal of HHI FOOD BEVERGE COMPANIES (BABY FOOD)| MARKET SHARE IN 2010 (Si)| | Cadbury India Ltd. | 0. 185753| 0. 034| Cepham Milk Specialities Ltd. | 0| Continental Milkose (India) Ltd. | 0. 012213| 1. 491| Glaxosmithkline Consumer Healthcare Ltd. | 0. 188628| 0. 036| Heinz India Pvt. Ltd. | 0| Jagatjit Industries Ltd. | 0. 084911| 7. 209| Kaira District Co-Op. Milk Producers' Union Ltd. | 0. 028029| 7. 856| Nestle India Ltd. | 0. 75272| 0. 225| Raptakos, Brett and Co. Ltd. | 0. 025194| 6. 347| TOTAL =| 23. 198| Therefore, HHI = 23. 198 Reciprocal of HHI = 1/23. 198 =0. 043 Priyanka please check the past count, I am not getting the right information. FMCG SALES GROWTH OF LAST 10 YEARS according to the marketing projections got of the year 2001 to 2011, in the previous 10 years from 2001 to 2010, subsequent to plotting the figures, we notice that the diagram for Nestle is steeply rising, where concerning Cadbury and Glaxo, the chart rise is impressive, however for Jagatjit and Milkfood the chart rise is extremely insignificant. In this way Nestle being the market head appreciates the situation of the market laeder and furthermore the benefit. FMCG SALES VOLUME GROWTH IN THE LAST 10 YEARS FROM 2001 TO 2010 (Graph indicating the FMCG pattern all through the most recent 10 years. ) FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES India is a quick creating nation with a gigantic populace whose for every capita salary is developing quickly and there is enormous open door for the FMCG organizations. The open doors are as per the following: * Increasing per capita pay is driving FMCG development in India * India’s devouring class is developing quickly Changing utilization design: Per capita pay of Indian client is expanding and FMCG items are moderately flexible in nature henceforth the normal deal should increment. PER CAPITA INCOME (Rs) (Above diagram indicating the pattern of Per Capita Income of Indians and pieces of information are gathered from an examination made by Govt. of India). ) As appeared in the above diagram the Per Ca pita Income of an Indian increments slowly consistently, and on the off chance that this pattern proceeds, at that point in future Indian Population will have more buy power and will buy more FMCG items. % OF PAST POPULATION RISE AND FUTURE EXPECTATION Above diagram shows the past populace and expected future populace rise, information are gathered from the exploration made by Govt. of India). Here by the above charts we can see that there is tremendous degree for FMCG items and since Nestle India Ltd. is the market chief in India consequently it can pick up the most out of it. SWOT ANALYSIS: Strength 1. Low operational costs 2. Built up dissemination organizes in both urban and rustic regions. 3. Nearness of notable brands in FMCG part. Shortcomings 1. Lower extent of putting resources into innovation and accomplishing economies of scale. . Low fares levels 3. Fake Products. Openings 1. Undiscovered country advertise 2. Rising salary levels 3. Enormous household advertise . 4. Fare potential 5. High buyer merchandise spending. Dangers 1. Evacuation of import limitations. 2. Stoppage in provincial interest. 3. Duty and administrative structure. End Customers in India are additionally spending more in FMCG as their way of life are developing. In spite of the fact that there was some destruction in deals and benefit, in the start of this decade however after that impressive ascent in the two deals and benefit, is seen. Numerous FMCG organizations has begun venture, to straightforwardly arrive at the provincial market. This might be considered as a progressive advance since the urban market is arriving at its immersion level and there is an enormous extension investigating in the provincial market. This will likewise be useful expanding its piece of the pie as well as battle rivalry. Catalog In request to cause this task we to have taken the assistance of the accompanying sites and books: * www. wikipedia. com * www. oppapers. com * www. scribd. com Besides it, different books were likewise counseled to set up the task report.

Huck Finn: The Twisting Tides Of Portrayal - Racism Essay -- essays re

     In late years, there has been expanding conversation of the apparently bigot thoughts communicated by Mark Twain in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Now and again, the novel has been prohibited by state funded educational systems and even blue-penciled by open libraries. Alongside the over the top utilization of the word, â€Å"nigger,† the reason for this conspicuous control has been the depiction of one of the principle characters in Huck Finn, Jim, a dark slave who flees from his proprietor, Miss Watson. At a few focuses in the novel, Jim's character is portrayed to the peruser, and a few people have viewed the introduced portrayal as supremacist. Be that as it may, before one starts to control a novel it imperative to recognize the thoughts of the creator from the thoughts of his characters. It is additionally critical to peruse cautiously to adequately catch the basic subjects of a novel. If one somehow managed to do this comparable to Huck Finn, one wou ld, doubtlessly, understand that it isn't supremacist and is, truth be told, abolitionist subjection.      On a shallow level The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn may have all the earmarks of being bigot. The first occasion when we meet Jim he is given an extremely negative portrayal. The peruser is informed that Jim is uneducated, untainted, not exceptionally splendid, and incredibly offbeat. Be that as it may, it is significant not to dismiss who is giving this portrayal and who it is being given to. In spite of the fact that Huck is certifiably not a bigot youngster, he has been raised by very supremacist people w...

Role of Media in the Treatment and Prevention of Anorexia - 550 Words

The Role of Media in the Treatment and Prevention of Anorexia (Research Paper Sample) Content: Name:Institution:Anorexia: The Role of the MediaAnorexia: The Role of the MediaIntroductionThe term Anorexia is a psychological eating disorder characterized by extreme weight loss, self-starvation and lack of appetite. People suffering from anorexia have an illogical fear of gaining weight. This condition which primarily affects the youth leads to a disturbing perception of becoming obese and therefore tend to have difficulties in serving needs such as hunger. There are two types of anorexia namely: anorexia nervosa purge type and restrictive anorexia nervosa. The purge or binge type results in vomiting or excessively exercising in compensation of guilt after eating CITATION Wal13 \l 2057 (Walsh, Cordova, Malloys, 2013) CITATION Vic16 \l 2057 (Victoria, 2016). On the other hand, restrictive anorexia nervosa a victim limits the quantity of food intake and slowly starves him or herself. Ancient studies on the role of media in anorexia mainly focused on weight loss i n actresses and models. However, over a period of time there has been a significant increase in weight mostly in women creating discrepancy between the media and the normal body size.Magazines and television shows creates a social context contributing to body discontent and disordered eating habits in females. While comparing pressures on men and women it has been confirmed that womens magazines contains 10.5 as many diet advertisements. Media exalts a slender ideal and emphasizes its importance in general appearance. Beauty industry holds a solid emphasis on the value of beauty and appearance in women CITATION Kil94 \l 2057 (Kilbourne Wooley, 1994). Plenty of evidence demonstrates how the media glorifies slenderness and weight loss. For instance, research shows that 83% of girls in adolescence read fashion magazines for an average of four hours per week CITATION Lev96 \l 2057 (Levine Smolak, 1996) .In one of the survey, most middle-aged women mostly wish if it would be possibl e to change their weight. A number of studies probing the correlation between media, eating disorders and body discontent shows a direct connection between media exposure and body satisfaction CITATION Spe04 \l 2057 (Spettigue Henderson, Feb 2004). Results shows that the female body satisfaction is lower after viewing shrill media images than after viewing controlled ones. This supports the theory that media maintains and promotes the discontent that females experience about their bodies CITATION Gro02 \l 2057 (Groez, Levine, SK, 2002).Media has a role to play in the maintenance of eating disorders. Women with anorexia tend to engage themselves in heavy use of fashion magazines in an attempt to obtain an indefinable and impossible standard of physical thinness. These magazines support the anorexic desire by promoting messages that encourage dieting and slenderness. Media literacy increases awareness, teaches girls in puberty how to decode visual images. Researchers have suggeste d treatment programs for eating disorders to incorporate media literacy to help address the patients deficits in social skills and self-esteem. Most media literature focuses in activism and advocacy in the prevention and treatment of eating disorders CITATION Lev961 \l 2057 (Levine, Smolak, Schermer, Media Analysis and Resistance, 1996).ConclusionThe media surrounds us with images which have negative impact on body satisfaction, eating patterns and emotional well-being of most women in Europe. Media literacy, activism and advocacy should be used in prevention and treatment of eating disorders. Professionals should use media to advocate for positive and self-esteem building messages. Future researchers should come up with new ways to counter act the negative effects of the media to promote body satisfaction and improve self-esteem in ...

The Handmaids Tale By Margaret Atwood - 1375 Words

The Handmaids Tale by Margaret Atwood Introduction The Handmaids Tale by Margaret Atwood and I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou are both very well-known texts. They explore the characters horrible situations, retell the experiences through a variety of literary features which all link back to my main theme of freedom to, and freedom from. The Handmaids Tale is set in a not so distant future dystopia, the totalitarian Republic of Gilead. It is centred around Offred, a handmaid given to the Commander and his wife, Serena Joy, for reproductive purposes because of the dangerously low fertility. Handmaids are given to elite couples who have trouble conceiving in the hopes they can bear children. I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings†¦show more content†¦Similarly, the theme of I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings is freedom and lack thereof, confinement. The poem talks of a free bird flying through sun rays and how it â€Å"dares to claim the sky†. It also talks of a caged bird with clipped wings and tied feet hoping for freedom and how it â€Å"sings with fearful trill of things unknown and lon ged for still... for the caged bird sings of freedom†. Narration The narration style of both texts are different, but are similar in that the readers have the opportunity to interpret the texts in their own ways and gain understanding of what the characters are going through. The Handmaids Tale is written in first person narrative and we get reflections from Offred’s past before Gilead, accounts from her time in the Red Centre, where woman were taught to be subservient, and insights to her thoughts and experiences at the present. The method of first person narration gets the reader fully immersed into Offred’s story and what she is going through allowing the reader to empathise with her, but is limited by that it does not allow the reader into other characters thoughts and feelings, with this interaction, â€Å"...she (Ofglen) is looking right at me... directly, steadily... unwavering...† reader has to come their own interpretation of what Ofglen means. The narration of I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings is fairly simple third person narrative, it takes on a somewhat literal interpretation of freedom and lack thereof, â€Å"...wings areShow MoreRelatedThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1249 Words   |  5 PagesDystopian Research Essay: The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood In the words of Erika Gottlieb With control of the past comes domination of the future. A dystopia reflects and discusses major tendencies in contemporary society. The Handmaid s Tale is a dystopian novel written by Margaret Atwood in 1985. The novel follows its protagonist Offred as she lives in a society focused on physical and spiritual oppression of the female identity. Within The Handmaid s Tale it is evident that through the explorationRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1357 Words   |  6 Pagesdictionary). In the novel The Handmaid’s Tale, Margaret Atwood explores feminism through the themes of women’s bodies as political tools, the dynamics of rape culture and the society of complacency. Margaret Atwood was born in 1939, at the beginning of WWII, growing up in a time of fear. In the autumn of 1984, when she began writing The Handmaid’s Tale, she was living in West Berlin. The Berlin Wall had not yet fallen and in her travels â€Å"behind the Iron Curtain† (Atwood, 2017) she experienced â€Å"the warinessRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1060 Words   |  5 Pagesideologies that select groups of people are to be subjugated. The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood plays on this idea dramatically: the novel describes the oppression of women in a totalitarian theocracy. Stripped of rights, fertile women become sex objects for the politically elite. These women, called the Handmaids, are forced to cover themselves and exist for the sole purpose of providing children. The Handmaid’s Tale highlights the issue of sexism while also providing a cruel insight into theRead MoreMargaret Atwood s The Handmaid Tale Essay1318 Words   |   6 Pagesrepresented in Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaids Tale. The novel is set in the Republic of Gilead, a dictatorship, formerly known as the United States of America. The government controls all aspects of the lives’ of its citizens, with its harshest regulations directly affecting women. Gileadean women are divided into seven classes based on hierarchy and identified by the color of their clothing. However, â€Å"They are not divided into functions. They have to do everything; if they can† (Atwood 24). The commanders’Read MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1659 Words   |  7 Pagesbook The Handmaid s Tale by Margaret Atwood, the foremost theme is identity, due to the fact that the city where the entire novel takes place in, the city known as the Republic of Gilead, often shortened to Gilead, strips fertile women of their identities. Gilead is a society that demands the women who are able to have offspring be stripped of all the identity and rights. By demeaning these women, they no longer view themselves as an individual, but rather as a group- the group of Handmaids. It isRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1256 Words   |  6 Pageshappened to Jews in Germany, slaves during Christopher Columbus’s days, slaves in the early 1 900s in America, etc. When people systematically oppress one another, it leads to internal oppression of the oppressed. This is evident in Margaret Atwood’s book, The Handmaid’s Tale. This dystopian fiction book is about a young girl, Offred, who lives in Gilead, a dystopian society. Radical feminists complained about their old lifestyles, so in Gilead laws and rules are much different. For example, men cannotRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale, By Margaret Atwood1629 Words   |  7 Pages Atwood s novel, The Handmaid s Tale depicts a not too futuristic society of Gilead, a society that overthrows the U.S. Government and institutes a totalitarian regime that seems to persecute women specifically. Told from the main character s point of view, Offred, explains the Gilead regime and its patriarchal views on some women, known as the handmaids, to a purely procreational function. The story is set the present tense in Gilead but frequently shifts to flashbacks in her time at the RedRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1684 Words   |  7 Pagesensure the safety of all citizens however; women can be forced to face extremities if the laws and the government are patriarchal. The novel The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood tells the story of a totalitarian government that consists strictly of men who dominate women based on Christian ideologies. The government uses fertile women called â€Å"handmaids† for breeding purposes because of a decrease in bir th rate. The nation of the Republic of Gilead is a dystopian society in which women have limited freedomRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1548 Words   |  7 PagesIn Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale, The theme of gender, sexuality, and desire reigns throughout the novel as it follows the life of Offred and other characters. Attwood begins the novel with Offred, a first person narrator who feels as if she is misplaced when she is describing her sleeping scenery at the decaying school gymnasium. The narrator, Offred, explains how for her job she is assigned to a married Commander’s house where she is obligated to have sex with him on a daily basis, so thatRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1237 Words   |  5 Pages The display of a dystopian society is distinctively shown in The Handmaid’s Tale, by Margaret Atwood. Featuring the Republic of Gilead, women are categorized by their differing statuses and readers get an insight into this twisted society through the lenses of the narrator; Offred. Categorized as a handmaid, Offred’s sole purpose in living is to simply and continuously play the role of a child-bearing vessel. That being the case, there is a persistent notion that is relatively brought up by those

Maya Angelou An Influential Voices Of Modern Society Essay

Maya Angelou, born Marguerite Ann Johnson on the 4th of April 1928, was born in St. Louis, Missouri and grew up in Stamps, Arkansas. Maya Angelou is regarded as one of the most noteworthy, influential voices of modern society with over 50 doctorate degrees. She became a distinguished poet, educator, producer, actress, historian, filmmaker, memoirist, and civil rights activist throughout her life. In the 1930’s and 1940’s, Stamps, Arkansas was the embodiment of brutality and racial discrimination in the South. Growing up as a minority in a majorly white, Christian area proved to be difficult for Maya who was constantly facing the oppressive actions and behaviours of others. When she was only 7 years old, Maya suffered a traumatic incident on a visit to her mother. She was raped by her mother’s boyfriend. Fuelled by anger, her uncles killed her rapist as vengeance. Maya then returned to Arkansas spending years living as a mute. When Maya was a teenager, her love fo r the arts was strong winning her a scholarship to study dance and drama at San Francisco’s Labour School. By the time she was 14, she dropped out and became the first African-American female cable car conductor in America. Later, she finished high school and soon after graduation gave birth to her son, Guy. Being a young single mother meant that her love of music, dance, and poetry had to be put aside to support herself and her son by working as a waitress and cook. By the mid 1950’s, Angelou’s artistic career tookShow MoreRelatedEssay On Maya Angelou1280 Words   |  6 PagesMaya Angelou, named at birth, Marguerite Johnson was on April 4th, 1928, in St. Louis, Missouri. Her and her family moved from St. Louis to Stamps, Arkansas, where she was raised growing up. Maya Angelou was an American author, dancer, screenwriter, actress, poet and civil rights activist. Angelou gained a majority of her fame with the memoir she wrote in 1969, I Know Why the Caged Bird S ings. This memoir made literary history as being the first nonfiction best-seller by an African-American womanRead More20 Century Genius Award Essay example3442 Words   |  14 PagesGenius Award to Dr. Maya Angelou. She is a remarkable Renaissance woman who is hailed as one of the great voices of contemporary literature. As a poet, educator, historian, best-selling author, actress, playwright, civil-rights activist, producer and director, she continues to travel the world, spreading her legendary wisdom. Within the rhythm of her poetry and elegance of her prose lies Angelous unique power to help readers of every orientation span the lines of race and Angelou captivates audiencesRead MoreThe Invisible Woman: Female Directors in Hollywood2710 Words   |  11 Pagesin Hollywood are underrated, underrepresented, and generally shoved into the background of the film industry. However, with film becoming one of the most pervasive and influential art forms of the 21st century, womenâ €™s leadership in the film industry is vital not only to the feminist movement, but to the perception of the modern female overall. With the advent of the internet, digital media and film have become much more accessible forms of entertainment and education. According to the officialRead More Oprah Winfrey Essay3822 Words   |  16 Pagesextraordinarily well into Howard Gardners model of creativity. In fact, Oprah fits almost ideally in Gardners Portrait of the Exemplary Creator in chapter 10. I find the similarities rather surprising considering she is not a White, European male from the Modern era like most of Gardners examples. On the contrary, Oprah is a contemporary Black female who grew up in the segregated South during the 1950s. In choosing such a contemporary figure I realize that I run the risk of encountering deep divisions between

Computer Information System

Questions: 1. How well did your project meet its initial aims? Discuss what modifications were made to the initial aims and why? 2.How well did the estimated schedule correspond with the actual implementation times? Discuss any differences. Where there are any tasks that took a significant amount of time that did not appear in the work item list? Discuss these tasks in terms of project scheduling and budget. 3.What went right? Discuss those aspects of the project that you think went well. 4. What went wrong? Discuss those aspects of the project that you think went badly. 5. What would you do differently next time? Discuss those aspects you would change in undertaking another project and why? Answers: (1). When the project was initiated, the entire team of the project had evaluated the requirements in detail that helped to come out with a good website and there are no major modifications done to the project that was developed initially. However, small adjustments are performed in terms of navigation of the website, so that code can be simpler, for faster execution of the code to make the website run faster. During the development phase, there were small modifications implemented so that smaller and minor functionalities can be included to the system. The minor modifications made with the intent of enriching the presentation and user interface, but the code is not made heavier. The objectives of these minor modifications are to improve the existing performance of the functionalities, which were realized and identified, after the website is navigated through, after the development of the website. For example, when the user gives the basic details of the journey, such as the from location to the destination location, travel date and return date and clicks on the button, search flights, there used to be a second window displaying directly the details of the flights that match the input criteria of the details entered. However, this experience is further enhanced, by displaying a dialog box in the second window saying, This is your flight. After the user enters OK, the list of the flights are displayed. And some more similar minor modifications are made. (2). Initially, the deadline is considered and the team has set the own deadline, before 1 week from the given deadline, anticipating possible delays of the completion of the project. The overall schedule is compressed within the deadline set by the team. The work item list created by the team consists of all the tasks in a logical sequence. The tasks of design the website layout, developing the code, testing and final quality enhancements are distributed and allocated to each of the team member. Every team member has done ones best to complete their tasks. However, when the code is integrated with the database, there were certain issues raised and the code used to show many errors and took considerably longer time to come to a stable state, where the code started executing without the errors and expected outputs started displaying. The coding issue was major, while the owner dashboard was developed. It demanded several accesses to the databases and also the functions for insertion, deletion and update. The issue with the coding was resolved, after going through the basics of the database as well as Java, regarding how to connect and operate the database, when the user information is entered as part of filling the forms. (3). The entire project has moved smoothly, except minor deviations and obstructions. Facilitator and lecturer were helpful enough in guiding and showing the ways to move ahead with the project. Initially, a complete structure is prepared by the team and discussed with the lecturer for enhancements and the enhancement done by the lecturer has made the structure to be completely logical and effective. The tasks are performed as they are ordered and allocated to the members of the team. Whenever the team is stuck, especially, while the errors were problematic, lecturer has given all the necessary inputs, in such a way that the team gets to know, where can and how can the solutions can be found, rather than directly correcting the mistake then and there. It helped us to develop problem solving skills, which are vital for implementation of any project. Another important aspect that needs to be addressed in this context is the opportunity to learn a vital and significant project management technique called, OpenUp. The technique helped us to develop the project simple through iterative processes and it is definitely going to be helpful in our professional careers going forward. (4). There were hardly any aspects that were wrong, rather being complex. The structure of the project and the support of the lecturer for the sake of the team of the project have been significant support to the team and success of the project. However, it is important to address that there were certain things that were not moving as smoother as the team expected. For example, the coding has taken tremendously a lot many efforts and time, both for developing as well as for testing and correction. It was because of the lack of the experience in the programming languages, Java and SQL. However, the basic knowledge that the team has gained as part of the academics and also online tutorials and more than everything, the guidance and support of the lecturer helped to finally stabilize the code and yield the expected results. Since the deadline set by the team is shorter than the deadline given by the authorities, there were certain pressure created within the team members, especially, while coding, testing and corrections. However, the team retained the spirit for the entire project and spend tremendously great efforts, working even during the holidays and weekends. Overall, except these two lighter concerns, things went on well and the project was successful. (5). Having completed this project successfully, the team shows enough confidence to develop further projects, especially, similar projects. Having known the fact that every project is unique, the team is aware of the possibilities of new challenges that would be associated with any project. However, the team believes to have certain pre-requisites for the success of any projects, as common elements. For example, OpenUp technique or framework can make the processes and structure of the structure projects simpler. Having gained good degree of familiarity with the OpenUp framework, the future projects are expected to be easier to develop. Another pre-requisite needed for any project, according to the team is, the familiarly, exposure and experience in the respective subject. The subject knowledge help the project to be developed smoother, without serious obstructions and without any serious mistakes. The team has experienced pressure of developing the code, as the team members lack enough familiarity and experience in the programming languages, like Java, SQL, etc., as the learning of these languages is at the student level, rather than with practical learning experience. References Paul C. Dinsmore et al (2005)The right projects done right!John Wiley and Sons, Cattani, G., Ferriani, S., Frederiksen, L. and Florian, T. (2011) Project-Based Organizing and Strategic Management, Advances in Strategic Management, Vol 28, Emerald, oseph Phillips (2003).PMP Project Management Professional Study Guide. McGraw-Hill Professional, Peter Nathan, Gerald Everett Jones (2003).PMP certification for dummies. Harold Kerzner(2003).Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling(8th ed.). Wiley PMI(2010).A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge Dennis Lock (2007)Project Management(9th ed.) Gower Publishing, Ltd., 2007 James P. Lewis (2000).The project manager's desk reference:: a comprehensive guide to project planning, scheduling, evaluation, and systems Jrg Becker, Martin Kugeler, Michael Rosemann (2003). Process management: a guide for the design of business processes. David I. Cleland, Roland Gareis (2006).Global Project Management Handbook. "Chapter 1: "The evolution of project management". McGraw-Hill Professional, 2006 Martin Stevens (2002).Project Management Pathways. Association for Project Management. APM Publishing Limited Steinle, Bruch, Lawa (1995). Projektmanagement. FAZ Verlagsbereich Wirtschaftsbcher Morgen Witzel(2003).Fifty key figures in management. Routledge Cynthia Snyder, Frank Parth (2006).Introduction to IT Project Management David I. Cleland, Roland Gareis (2006).Global Project Management Handbook. McGraw-Hill Professional Ralph Stauber, H. M. Douty, Willard Fazar, Richard H. Jordan, William Weinfeld and Allen D. Manvel.

Steroids In Sports Essay Example For Students

Steroids In Sports Essay Ever since their introduction into sports in the later 1950s the use of anabolic steroids has been a controversial issue. Much debate has arisen dealing with whether steroids should be allowed for performance enhancement. If youre not familiar with them, The 1994 Merrian-Webster Dictionary defines an anabolic steroid as, any of a group of synthetic hormones sometimes taken by athletes in training to increase temporarily the size of their muscles. However, its not just the athletes preparing for rigorous competition that have been using these drugs. Business Weekly told of a study performed by the University of Illinois School of Public Health in which the results were shocking. According to Paul Goldstein, the chief investigator, individuals from all walks of life have admitted to the use of steroids. He states,Were finding firemen, students, lawyers, teachers- people from all economic classesmost of them taking the drugs for cosmetic reasons 177 All of these individuals had admitted to use because of the positive effects the steroids provide for their appearance. Along with these positive effects also come the negative ones. We will write a custom essay on Steroids In Sports specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Symptoms such as acne, psychotic states, paranoia, headaches, high blood pressure, heart failure, strokes, and liver and kidney damage with quite a lengthy list of other harmful side effects related to extensive use. According to Dr. Robert Vow in his book Drugs, Sports, and Poli! tics, along with trying to keep competitions fair and equal for all who entered, these were the main reason that anabolics have been banned from sports since the 1976 Olympic games. Since these early years, not much has been heard about the use of steroids. True, occasional incidents remind us they are still around . For instance, when Ben Johnson was stripped of his gold medial in the 1988 Seoul Olympics and Lyle Alzados death in 1992. For the most part though things seemed to have quieted down. This is speculated to be from the growing efforts to educate athletes and individuals on the extreme dangers associated with these steroids. Along with this education, one can not escape hearing the horror stories about what these drugs have already done to others and what it will do to them after prolonged use. With such an impressively long list of harmful side effects associated with steroid use, one could be certain that individuals would shy away from them. After all, the original purpose is to enhance their physical stature, not risk damaging it. Wed like to think that due to the strict regulation on todays athletes in competition, it would cause them to think twice before using steroids. Another possible reason for the declining use is that theyre nearly impossible to get since they were barred from non-medical distribution back in 1991. These are definitely good points and one could easily be persuaded that such is the case . However, not everyone shares the same point of view. The other school of thought is that steroid use and abuse is just as wide spread today as ever, if not even more rampant. Athletes feeling are that the gains far outweigh the risks even if they are just temporary enhancements. There are only a dozen or so reported fatalities dealing with steroid use, therefore individuals consider their odds to be pretty good. As far as regulation is concerned, as long as there have been steroids, there have been ways around the detection testing in an athletes system. Another theory plays on the fact that its not only the elite athletes using them. Teenagers and kids using them for appearance are becoming an increased percentage of users. This can be traced to images of large Herculean type men portrayed in all forms of media today. Arnold Schwarzenegger is a prime example sine he has admitted to the use of anabolic steroids. Kids are inspired by him and several other athletes and movie stars who they admire and want to emulate. Getting these anabolics may not be hard as one thinks. Just like any illegal substance, there are ways to obtain steroids for private use. .u5b49b26d7144ca01b1bad6feeb281e69 , .u5b49b26d7144ca01b1bad6feeb281e69 .postImageUrl , .u5b49b26d7144ca01b1bad6feeb281e69 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5b49b26d7144ca01b1bad6feeb281e69 , .u5b49b26d7144ca01b1bad6feeb281e69:hover , .u5b49b26d7144ca01b1bad6feeb281e69:visited , .u5b49b26d7144ca01b1bad6feeb281e69:active { border:0!important; } .u5b49b26d7144ca01b1bad6feeb281e69 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5b49b26d7144ca01b1bad6feeb281e69 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5b49b26d7144ca01b1bad6feeb281e69:active , .u5b49b26d7144ca01b1bad6feeb281e69:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5b49b26d7144ca01b1bad6feeb281e69 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5b49b26d7144ca01b1bad6feeb281e69 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5b49b26d7144ca01b1bad6feeb281e69 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5b49b26d7144ca01b1bad6feeb281e69 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5b49b26d7144ca01b1bad6feeb281e69:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5b49b26d7144ca01b1bad6feeb281e69 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5b49b26d7144ca01b1bad6feeb281e69 .u5b49b26d7144ca01b1bad6feeb281e69-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5b49b26d7144ca01b1bad6feeb281e69:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Lord of the Flies Meets Sigmund Freud EssayMany think that there are enough smuggled into the U. S. from Mexico, Canada, and several eastern European to keep the current black market a thriving business. Are anabolic steroids still prevalent in the world of athletics or are people learning their lesson? Is it just the advanced athletics we have to worry about? Will further education help? Just who do we need to educate? A lot of questions have arisen on the current status of steroids. These are all questions that need to be answered to learn about what is presently happening with anabloic steroid use.

Rock music research

Rock music research Most people think that punk rock is just loud noise and profanity, at least the people who have even heard of it. The truth is that, for the most part, punk bands are really trying to get a message across. This music, or at least a variation of it has been around since the mid 1960's and is just as important today as it was back then. I plan to trace its history all the way up to the present, and explain how it has changed.The main American precursors of punk were the Velvet Underground, the MC5, the Stooges, the Modern Lovers, and the New York Dolls. These bands paved the way for the huge wave of punk rock to hit America in the early 1970's. They changed how people looked at music because they had a completely different attitude than what people were used to at the time.United StatesWhile other bands were out there singing about happiness and love, these "pre-punk" bands were singing about not being content, instead, be angry.These new bands believed that music should have a more im portant meaning than what they were hearing from everyone else. They wanted to make music that made people take a closer look at the society around them and find out how bad it actually is. There music was not widely accepted at the time because people didn't want that, they wanted to be happy and ignore the worlds problems, which was the popular thing to do at that point in time.Because bands like the Velvet Underground had such unpopular styles, it was very hard for them to get signed for a record contact. Record companies knew that not many people would buy their albums, so they stood to lose money.A club called CBGB's (Country...

Ethics in Marketing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethics in Marketing - Term Paper Example The necessity for ethics in marketing research is; thus quite evident. This paper will examine the issue of ethics in marketing research noting the significance of ethics in all processes involving marketing research. Ethical behavior is a vital component in marketing research since marketing research directly controls the realization of strategic decision making in businesses. Businesses rely on information, which marketing researchers provide, to make day to day decisions, which affect business operations in one way or another. Consequence of the significance of marketing research, trade associations constantly establish guidelines to ensure ethical behavior by marketing researchers (Murphy, Gene, Norman and Bowie 79). The American Marketing Association (AMA) provides a number of ethical norms to guide the conduct of marketing research. These include the following: 1. Honesty; ensuring that marketing researchers remain forthright and faithful in all their contacts with stakeholders such as clients. 2. Responsible behavior, which entails accepting the implications of researchers’ marketing strategies and decisions. 3. ... 6. Citizenship, which aims at fulfilling the legal, economic, societal and philanthropic responsibilities, which serve stakeholders in strategic ways. Marketing researchers have immense responsibilities when it comes to different stakeholders such as research respondents, the public, clients and researchers. Ethical decisions encompass a number of characteristics that ensure that marketing researchers uphold. Firstly, ethical decisions provide for the realization of long term effects on business situations. In addition, although a majority of ethical decisions are sometimes rather doubtful, they encompass a variety of alternatives, which enhance the opportunity for ethical marketing research decisions (Murphy, Gene, Norman and Bowie 99). The points of view inherent in ethical decisions are essentially either negative or positive. Lastly, the results of ethical decisions, which include negative or positive outcomes, are relatively unpredictable and uncertain. For members of the public , ethical concerns deal primarily with the methods used by marketing researchers in obtaining and reporting research outcomes. The public sometimes depends on the outcomes of marketing research for information regarding products. If marketing researchers provide distorted information, the public stands to lose by purchasing faulty or wrong products. Therefore, it is the shared responsibility of researchers and the public to deter the incident of misguiding and incomplete reporting and biased research. Incomplete reporting occurs when either a client or researcher fails to reveal complete research results. This unethical behavior is likely to take place when marketing researchers conceal negative information, which customers would find undesirable. A misleading environment

Marketing report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marketing report - Research Paper Example The company sells its products to more than two hundred countries. According to Abdul et.al (2012, p. 7-9), Pepsi holds an approximately thirty six percent of the total U.S snack food market and approximately twenty five percent of the U.S beverage industry. Today, Pepsi Company is a great contributor to the American economy and has employed over 200,000 people in America and more than 300,000 people worldwide. Over the years, Pepsi Company has not only worn global awards for having the best brands worldwide and being among the best global corporations but also awards for green production and sustainable development (Kendra et. al, 2010, p. 1-2). Pepsi Company is not only known all over the world for its products and strong brands but also for being a low cost leader (Kendra et. al, 2010, p. 1-2). Pepsi Company has also made history with its strong advertising strategies. In the 1960s, the most known Pepsi slogan was ‘nickel nickel’. This Slogan largely helped the company penetrate further into new emerging markets of the world during the time. Such slogans and others such as ‘Be Sociable have a Pepsi’ and ‘Refreshing without filling’ that followed thereafter have helped the company establish the today’s brand image that is long-lasting (Kendra et. al, 2010, p.2). Pepsi’s frequent change of the advertising slogans over the centuries has helped the company adequately capitalize on the changing environments and stay relevant to its customer (Kahn et.al, 1998, p. 384-390). Nevertheless, Pepsi Company fails to have a bigger market presence as compared to other major rivals suc h as the Coca Cola Company (Biswas and Sen, 1999, p. 1701-1708). The company also faces a threat of competition from new emerging firms in the food industry. Despite these weaknesses and threats, Pepsi Company the potential of growing further in the emerging economies of the world. The birth of the

Perinatal Challenges Essay Example for Free

Perinatal Challenges Essay Perinatal challenges during pregnancy and birth are associated with different varieties of diseases and complications, such as gestational diabetes and shoulder dystocia during birth. According to Gullotta, Adams and Ramos (2006), perinatal period commences during the 22nd week of gestation or after 154 gestational days (p. 392). During this stage, perinatal environment is exposed to different bodily changes associated to the bodily responses of the mother towards pregnancy. According to Ben-Haroush, Yogev and Hod (2003), gestational diabetes often progresses during perinatal periods wherein metabolic absorption of carbohydrates becomes impaired possibly due to insufficiency in insulin production, metabolic impairments associated to receptor malformations, and release of anti-insulin hormones (e. g. human placental lactogen, etc. ). As supported by Callahan and Caughey (2006), progressive occurrence of gestational diabetes may result to different complications during child birth, such as macrosomia, shoulder dystocia and neonatal hypoglycemia (p. 1). Specifically, shoulder dystocia is one of the most common complications associated with gestational diabetes. This is usually identified in cases wherein the mother encounters difficulty of childbirth due to problematic passing of the infant’s anterior shoulder (Gullotta, Adams and Ramos, 2006 p. 392). Shoulder dystocia and gestational diabetes are linked problems during pregnancy. As supported by Queenan, Spong and Lockwood (2007), perinatal occurrence of diabetes usually ends up in problematic infant’s size proportion, which eventually displaces the infant’s body parts in inappropriate positions during childbirth resulting to the difficulty of delivery (p. 179). Gestational diabetes is regarded as a prominent mortality contributor especially during perinatal periods wherein the development of the child is greatly compromised due to the metabolic impairments of the mother. According to Zazworksky, Bolin and Gaubeca (2006), â€Å"perinatal mortality, consisting of both fetal and neonatal deaths, is probably directly related to metabolic derangement in diabetic pregnancies† (p. 192). Perinatal stage of pregnancy, as with other periods of pregnancy, largely depends on the occurring environment inside of the mother. If the maternal metabolic glucose absorption and insulin levels are compromised, the infant’s development is therefore at risked of developing different complications associated to such condition. According to Hod, Javanovic and Di Renzo et al. 2003), gestational diabetes occurring during perinatal period results to four-fold higher mortality rates compared to those non-diabetic pregnancies (p. 431). Pregnancy complications resulting from progressive perinatal diabetes are the most difficult scenarios to deal with. Macrosomic or those proportionately enlarged infants are main problem caused by gestational diabetes. As supported by Goroll, Mulley and Mulley, Jr. (2006), gestational diabetes and the incidence of macrosomic delivery trigger increased risk for serious traumatic childbirth and the need for extensive cesarean section (p. 81). Traumatic complication of macrosomia induced by gestational diabetes is shoulder dystocia, which greatly increases the likelihood of cesarean section and birth trauma for normal section (Hod, Javanovic and Di Renzo et al. , 2003 p. 431). In this study, the emphasis mainly involve (a) the perinatal challenges brought by gestational diabetes and (b) the complications of child birth resulted by shoulder dystocia as a complication of gestational diabetes. Discussion Formally, the perinatal period commences after 22 completed gestation weeks and ends a fter seven days of post-delivery. Perinatal challenges in pregnancy involve different bodily conditions that can be life-threatening to both mother and the infant. World Health Organization defines perinatal period as the â€Å"period of prenatal existence after viability of the fetus is reached, the duration of labor, and the early part of extra-uterine life† (cited in Siegel, Swanson and Shyrock, 2004 p. 354). According to DeCherney and Goodwin (2007), life threatening complications of pregnancy are usually greatest during the perinatal period than any other stages of pregnancy due to variety of mortality causes (p. 188-189). As supported by Herbert (2003), the last three months of fetal life in the womb are considered the most vital stage of pregnancy due to the heightened sensitivity of the baby to the environmental health inside the mother (p. 44). One of the most common challenges faced during this period of conception is the metabolic disorder exclusive during pregnancy – gestational diabetes. The metabolic disorder during pregnancy, gestational diabetes, is an exclusive condition associated to impaired glucose absorption brought by the insufficiency of systemic insulin levels of the body (Callahan and Caughey, 2006 p. 105). Physical challenges and threats brought by gestational diabetes during perinatal period undeniably life-threatening and vital to the survival of both mother and child. According to Queenan, Spong and Lockwood (2007), gestational diabetes is considered a warning sign of gestation-induced insulin resistance (p. 179). Gestational diabetes is usually detectable on the early or latter weeks of perinatal period, which is approximately 24 weeks of gestation (Dudek, 2006 p. 290). The incidence and prevalence of gestational diabetes during the perinatal periods are statistically more pronounced compared to other periods of conception. According to Porth (2005), gestational diabetes occurs up to 14% of all pregnancies depending on the population and diagnostic procedures utilized (p. 998). As claimed by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007), gestational diabetes occurs among the approximately 3% to 8% of females not previously diagnosed with diabetes. Added by the public organization Diabetes Australia (2004), incidences of gestational diabetes occurs more predominantly among (higher than 20%) aboriginal women compared to other ethnic diversities. Etiologies attributed to the increasing incidence of gestational diabetes are still unknown due to the unproven etiological propositions of gestational diabetes. However, different studies (Buchanan and Xiang, 2005; Langer, Yogev, and Most et al. , 2005; Rosenberg, Garbers and Chavkin et al. , 2003) have proposed their hypothetical explanation to the etiological nature of gestational diabetes itself. The first theory proposed by Buchanan and Xiang (2005) is associated with the genetic nature of the mother predisposing to her to gestational diabetes. As supported by Porth (2005), gestation diabetes is more prominent among mothers who have history of glucose intolerance or metabolic problems related to glucose absorption (p. 988). In the study of Buchanan and Xiang (2005), gestational diabetes is claimed to be the end-product of monogenic dysfunction of B-cells. Mutations in the mitochondrial DNA of beta cells trigger the autosomal mutations eventually causing beta cell dysfunction. Meanwhile, according to the study of Rosenberg, Garbers and Chavkin et al. (2003), gestational diabetes is triggered by lifestyle practices prior and during pregnancy. In the study, a total of 63. % of the total women in the heaviest group (weight: 300 lbs or 136 kg) have had incidence of gestational diabetes and other complications during pregnancy compared to the women whose weight range between 200 to 299 pounds (49. 8%). According to Callahan and Caughey (2006), another hypothetical explanation to the etiology of this condition is the release of placental hormone, specifically known as the human placental lactogen (a. k. a human chorionic somatomammotropin), which acts as an anti-insulin substances increasing the insulin resistance and generalized carbohydrate intolerance of the mother systemically (p. 05). Added by LeRoith, Taylor and Olefsky (2003), beta cells secretion of insulin is incapable of fully compensating the increasing bodily requisites of both infant and mother; hence, glucose intolerance results (p. 1295). If this glucose malabsorption continues, the mother’s body encounter severe rise of sugar levels inducing gestational diabetes, while the infant is considered at risk of experiencing hypoglycemia due to insufficient levels of insulin used for glucose absorption (Callahan and Caughey, 2006 p. 105). As supported by Porth (2006), gestational diabetes is more prominent during 24th up to 28th week of gestation, which is actually the perinatal period (p. 988). Compared to the normal pregnancy, mothers with gestational diabetes manifest decreased secretory activity, compromised insulin response per unit of glycemic stimulation and absence of insulin progressiveness (LeRoith, Taylor and Olefsky, 2003 p. 1295). Potential risks involved in gestational diabetes are the complications that may arise during perinatal periods. Continuous occurrence of gestational diabetes also predisposes potential problems during child delivery or the last seven days of perinatal period. According to Brown, Isaacs and Krinke et al. (2005), potential outcomes of gestational diabetes during perinatal period leads to the surge of insulin levels within the uterine environment, which eventually increases glucose reuptake of fetal cells converting them to triglycerides (p. 127). In such conditions, the infant develops dramatic fat deposits with increased body frame size and weight compared to the normal infant (4500 grams). As supported by Wehren and Marks (2004), the rise of blood glucose in the mother’s internal environment also increases the blood glucose levels circulating within the infant, which consequently places the child under the circumstance of neonatal hyperglycemia (p. 209). Aside from neonatal hyperglycemia, biochemical risks brought by gestational diabetes also include hypocalcemia, hyperbilirubinemia and polycythemia (Callahan and Caughey, 2006 p. 05). LeRoith, Taylor and Olefsky (2003) claim the frequency of acquiring gestational diabetes increases with progressive age and BMI conditions (p. 1295). Meanwhile, complications that may occur on the infant involve stillbirth risk, spontaneous abortion, macrosomia, neonatal hypo- and hyperglycemia, increased risk of developing insulin resistance and most commonly shoulder dystocia (Brown, Isaacs and Krinke et al. , 2005 p. 127). Treatment and diagnostic to the effects of gestational diabetes are crucial to the prevention and care of the pregnancy. Diagnostic procedures for gestational diabetes should be done at the end of the second trimester between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation (Callahan and Caughey, 2006 p. 105). Patients developing at least two associated risk factors should have their diagnostic screening at their first prenatal visit and during each subsequent trimester. Added by Joslin, Kahn and Weir et al. ), universal diagnostic procedure for gestational diabetes is also dependent on the series of identifiable factors, such as age of first pregnancy, body weight, history of abnormal glucose metabolism and racial or ethnic background, that place the mother in a series of more intensive tests (p. 1043). One example of these diagnostics involves a screening test consisting of 50g of glucose administration followed by glucose-plasma measurement one hour after the administration. If the results reveal 1-hour glucose level higher than 140 mg/dL, the implication is positive and the procedure called glucose tolerance testing is indeed necessary for the purpose of validation (Callahan and Caughey, 2006 p. 105). If the mother’s glucose level reveals positive result during the 1-hour glucose test, the individual is referred for 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test (GTT) in order to assess their carbohydrate metabolism levels (Hod, Jovanovic and Di Renzo et al. , 2003 p. 331). In this procedure, oral glucose of exactly 100 mg is given to the mother after the 8-hour fasting period preceded by a 3-day intensive carbohydrate diet. After the commencement of GTT, glucose is then measured three times every after an hour after the intake of dose. According to Hod, Jovanovic and Di Renzo et al. (2003), patients with plasma glucose of 126 mg/dl should have their blood glucose monitored for the next 24 to 38 weeks of pregnancy (p. 330). Added by Callahan and Caughey (2006), â€Å"if the fasting glucose or two or more of the postprandial values are elevated, a diagnosis of gestational diabetes is made† (p. 05). After the diagnosis, the mother is immediately placed under strict diabetic diet with 2200 calorie consumption a day including 200 to 220 g of carbohydrate serving per day (Zazworsky, Bolin and Gaubeca, 2006 p. 195). Diabetic diet is usually accompanied by recommended exercise in order to stimulate blood circulation. According to Callahan and Caughey ( 2006), if blood sugar values are already 25 to 30% elevated, insulin medications or oral hypoglycemic agents are usually administered (p. 106). With the continuous progression of gestational diabetes during the perinatal stage of pregnancy, another common perinatal challenge during childbirth is being predisposed shoulder dystocia. Maternal complications during continuous progression of gestational diabetes may also include increased risk of preeclampsia, pregnancy-induced hypertension, maternal obesity, and the increased risk of developing Type II diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes for subsequent pregnancy (Brown, Isaacs and Krinke et al. 2005 p. 127). In fact, in the study of Langer, Yogev, and Most et al. (2005), pregnant mothers diagnosed with gestational diabetes (n=555) have experienced pregnancy and childbirth complications, specifically macrosomia and shoulder dystocia. The rates of complication are found higher (59%) among those untreated mothers, while a smaller number of complicated cases (18%) occurred among those treated pregnancies. Shoulder dystocia is considered as an obstetric emergency with a very unpredictable nature. Such complication can be identified once the fetal head has already been delivered. The midwife or attending physician might encounter difficulties in delivering the shoulders most commonly due to the impaction of the anterior shoulder behind the pubic symphysis (Callahan, Caughey and Heffner, 2004 p. 69). Despite of its unpredictable nature, shoulder dystocia has been associated to different pregnancy complications that are considered as its potential predisposing factors, such as macrosomia, gestational diabetes and maternal obesity. According to Simpson and Creehan (2007), gestational diabetes is the nearest related risk factor of shoulder dystocia due to the larger body frames and marked anthropometric differences in infants of diabetic mothers (p. 329). Despite the emergent and life-threatening character of shoulder dystocia, Reichman and Simon (2003), considers this as a rare obstetric complication with a varying incidence rate of 1% to 4% of cephalic spontaneous vaginal deliveries (p. 1043). As supported by Simpson and Creehan (2007), shoulder dystocia occurs more prominently among macrosomic infants with weights of 5,000 g with an incidence rate of 70% to 60%. In the retrospective study of Ouzounian and Gherman (2005), among the 267,228 vaginal births during the study period from January 1991 to June 2001, reported cases of shoulder dystocia are only 1,686 (n=0. 6% of the total 267,228 sample). Meanwhile, in the earlier studies conducted by Nasar, Usta and Khalil (2003), among the 189 recorded deliveries, there are only 13 cases complicated by shoulder dystocia. According to Reichman and Simon (2003), cases with complication of shoulder dystocia are usually diagnosed during the actual birth itself unless radiographic imagery reveal inappropriate fetal positioning while still inside the uterine environment (p. 1043). Despite the many efforts of predicting the incidence or occurrence of shoulder dystocia, modern obstetrics are only able to determine the potential risk factors associated to this birth complication. According to Callahan and Caughey (2006), majority of the identified risk factors of shoulder dystocia are related to gestational diabetes itself and the accompanied symptoms (e. g. maternal obesity, macrosomia, etc. ) of the metabolic impairment (p. 79). Other associated risk factors of shoulder dystocia are the number of previous pregnancy, history of shoulder dystocia, overweight status of the mother and during assisted vaginal deliveries (Grady, Howell and Grady et al. 2007 p. 221). Meanwhile, intrapartum labor induction and prolonged second-stage labor are also being proposed as potential risk factors of shoulder dystocia (Simpson and Creehan, 2007 p. 328). Nevertheless, these risk factors are also inaccurate basis for predicting shoulder dystocia; although, many reported cases of shoulder dystocia have manifested at least one of these reported risk components (Reichman and Simon, 2003 p. 1043).

Vegetarianism Essay -- Healthy Lifestyle Essay

Friday evening. You decided to have a dinner with your friends at the new restaurant. You are promptly seated at the table in a corner and are given menus. Happy mood helps to enjoy the evening. What a varied menu you have here: juicy burgers, foot-long sandwiches, salads, steaks, grilled ribs in barbecue sauce, grilled chicken ... Oh, wait! You are a vegetarian. You are not allowed to eat meat. Your evening is destroyed. Your friends are laughing at you while you’re finishing the second plate of salad, while they are playing with pork ribs. You’ve already prepared to listen to their jokes about vegetarians and answer multiple questions why you stopped eating meat. The situation above often occurred to me. Before I chose a restaurant, I tried to find out what food was served there. I was vegetarian for over five years. And all these five years I ate no fish, no meat, no chicken, but only vegetables, fruits, nuts and cereals. I thought such an abundance of nutrient was sufficient for my organism, but my body was saying otherwise. A few months later, after the rejection of meat food and consumption of vegetables only, I started to feel the malnutrition. Hunger followed me constantly. Despite the fact that I could eat a lot, a half an hour later, I was so hungry and had to look for something else to eat. Then, health problems began. Depression, emotional imbalance, fatigue, weakness, apathy, poor sleep – this was just a small list of disorders that I have gained by eating vegetables. When I stopped eating meat, I didn’t know what it was like to be a vegetarian. I wasn’t aware of what I should have eaten and how. During this lo ng five years, I learned a lot about vegetarianism and found out it’s not even close to what people think i... ...rom harmful thoughts and teaches the discipline and the patience. It’s important to remember that vegetarianism is a short-term diet and should not be extended over a long period of time. Otherwise, it will bring harm and destruction to the body. Vegetarianism taught me a good lesson. I began to feel my body and to listen to its signals. I am pleased to share my experiences with my friends. I try to show them the pros and cons of this diet. Smart people learn in someone’s mistake. I wasn’t smart enough and started five-year long experiment to understand how it’s like to be a vegetarian. At the end of my â€Å"journey†, I came up to conclusion that good nutrition should be diversified. We can not live without vegetables, eating only meat and vice versa. We need to combine meat products with plant food in order to maintain healthy lifestyle and enjoy our lives in full.

The Impact of E-Business

An E-Business strategy allows a typical business to take advantage of Internet technology to improve communications and increase productivity. An E-Business utilizes digital media such as email, data conferencing, e-commerce, and B2B to streamline business operations. These are made possible through a network infrastructure like Local Area Networks (LANs), Wireless communication, and the Internet. Customer relationship can be improved due to fast response time and efficient business transactions. Through email, businesses can communicate with their customers instantaneously. This is important for sales, support, and marketing activities. E-commerce websites can also be utilized to sell products and perform business transactions in real-time. Customers can do their shopping online, pay electronically, and have their products delivered the next day. This reduces cost drastically because there are no more physical overheads such as shops, printed brochures and human cashiers. Collaboration with business partners is also strengthened through B2B exchanges. Using this technology, companies can partner with each other buy cheaper products placed directly from suppliers. At the same time, they can integrate and synchronize their individual business operations. One company might handle product design, while others manage procurement, shipping, and marketing. This translates directly to reduced cost and improved business efficiency. E-Business can also increase a company's internal productivity. Using Local Area Networks (LANs) and Intranet, employees can share information faster and more efficient than traditional phone or paper communication. Various services such as email, file transfer, directory services, and knowledge management systems can increase productivity and reduce manual work. Wireless networking can also allow executives to be connected anywhere and anytime, so they can manage their business more effectively. A company can transform to become an E-Business by adopting Internet technology along with certain business considerations and decisions. The main strategy should be aligned with the main goal to reduce cost and increase the company's productivity. The importance of the transition should always be highlighted, emphasizing these two benefits. The reason for this is because most people are resistant to change, especially those related to technology. They view these as a threat to their jobs, to the status quo, and to internal politics. Studies will have to be made that will show the return on investment (ROI) and how it will improve the business as a whole. A transition plan should also be made so that the adoption of the technology would be much easier and not drastic. User education and training is also an important aspect because it helps people understand the benefits they can get from the E-Business. Considerable investments will also have to be made in IT consulting, hardware, and software. IT companies and consultants will be hired for the the initial setup of the system, and training for the users who will comprise the IT department. This department would then have the expertise to continue the transition and implement technology-related changes. Computer hardware such as personal computers and network cables will be purchased and changes in the office layout will be implemented. New guidelines and protocols should be also created in order to maintain system integrity and security. The company will be exposed to new threats such as unauthorized access, viruses, worms, hackers, and spam. Because of this, security procedures such as Intrusion Detection and Disaster Recovery should be implemented. Computer and network policies should also be in place so that these risks will be minimized.

Development Of Mental Health Among Aboriginal Women And...

A major issue within New Zealand is the health differences between Maori and non-Maori. The health experience of Maori is significantly different due to lifestyle factors and marginalisation. To achieve the best health outcome for all ethnicities, health services need to treat everyone equally regardless of the individual’s lifestyle factors, Maori women and men have different health experiences due to the sex difference and reproductive factors (Women’s Health Action, 2014). This essay will discuss the development of mental health among Maori women in comparison to non-Maori women and the effects of marginalisation and housing on the health of Maori. This essay will also include a general description of women’s health as a whole. With research I will determine and explain the health disparities between non-Maori and Maori and the underlying factors that cause certain health outcomes. New Zealand women in all groups are living longer than New Zealand men, although there are sex and gender differences in significant areas of health. According to the New Zealand life tables of 2005-2007, results show woman are living longer than men. Life expectancy at birth was 78.0 years for men and 82.2 for women. Throughout New Zealand, numerous woman are still the primary caregivers in families and whanau. This is usually by balancing stresses of multiple roles, including childcare responsibilities and paid employment (Women’s Health Action, 2014). Women’s health improved significantlyShow MoreRelatedCultural Competency Definitions8081 Words   |  33 PagesCULTURAL COMPETENCY DEFINITIONS – A paper to inform development of Cultural Competency Framework for First Nations and Aboriginal Peoples of British Columbia, Canada Cultural Definitions in health care – what does it all mean? There are many definitions and iterations of culture in health care – all with different meanings but many with overlaps. In order to develop a Cultural competency framework, it will be important for stakeholders to agree on what ‘cultural competency’ means and the differencesRead MoreTourism and Indigenous People8720 Words   |  35 Pagestourism†. These influences which they mentioned included the economy, culture, physical environment, socialdemographics and politics (Hinch Butler, 1996, page 12). The economic considerations to take into account are very important for tourism – the development of the economy through the tourism industry has actually been implemented as an approach to promoting economic independence for indigenous people (Hinch Butler, 1996). It is known that for over the past two decades tourism impacts have been defined